Rushworth Kidder’s ethical framework identifies four classic “right vs. right” dilemmas, where two equally valid ethical principles conflict. These dilemmas are:
- Truth vs. Loyalty: Choosing between honesty and allegiance to a person or group (e.g., reporting a friend’s mistake vs. protecting their reputation).
- Individual vs. Community: Balancing personal interests against the greater good (e.g., individual freedom vs. public safety).
- Short-Term vs. Long-Term: Deciding between immediate benefits and future consequences (e.g., quick profits vs. sustainable growth).
- Justice vs. Mercy: Weighing fairness against compassion (e.g., enforcing rules strictly vs. showing leniency).
Resolution Approach:
Kidder recommends resolving these dilemmas by:
- Analyzing the Context: Understanding the specifics of the situation.
- Applying Core Values: Using principles like honesty, respect, and fairness to guide decisions.
- Prioritizing Long-Term Impact: Considering which choice aligns with broader ethical goals and minimizes harm.
Relevance:
Kidder’s framework is relevant because it provides a structured way to navigate complex ethical challenges in a world where competing values often clash. It encourages thoughtful, principled decision-making, fostering integrity and empathy in personal, professional, and societal contexts. By addressing “right vs. right” dilemmas, it helps individuals and organizations act ethically while balancing conflicting priorities.
His book, How Good People Make Tough Choices is reviewed here.